RabbitMQ 进阶实战：延迟消息插件安装与配置指南

docker exec <容器名> rabbitmqctl version

# 1. 先查一下容器里真实的插件目录
docker exec <容器名> rabbitmq-plugins directories -s
# Plugin archives directory: /opt/rabbitmq/plugins  ← 这一行就是目标路径

# 2. 拷贝进去
docker cp rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.13.0.ez <容器名>:/opt/rabbitmq/plugins/

# 3. 修正文件权限（docker cp 默认 root:root，容器服务以 rabbitmq 用户运行，读不到会启用失败）
docker exec -u root <容器名> chown rabbitmq:rabbitmq \
    /opt/rabbitmq/plugins/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.13.0.ez

# 4. 启用插件（热启用，不需要重启容器）
docker exec <容器名> rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

my-rabbitmq/
├── docker-compose.yaml
├── enabled_plugins
└── plugins/
    └── rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.13.0.ez

[rabbitmq_management,rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange].

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"       # AMQP
      - "15672:15672"     # Management UI
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: ChangeMe_StrongPassword
    volumes:
      # 持久化消息与元数据
      - rabbitmq-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      # 把本地 plugins/ 目录挂到容器插件路径（具体路径用 rabbitmq-plugins directories -s 确认）
      - ./plugins:/opt/rabbitmq/community-plugins
      # 预启用插件清单
      - ./enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro
    # 通过 RABBITMQ_PLUGINS_DIR 让 RabbitMQ 从默认目录 + 我们挂的目录都查找插件
    # 冒号分隔，官方镜像里插件目录为 /opt/rabbitmq/plugins
    command: >
      bash -c "
        export RABBITMQ_PLUGINS_DIR=/opt/rabbitmq/plugins:/opt/rabbitmq/community-plugins &&
        rabbitmq-server
      "

volumes:
  rabbitmq-data:

docker compose up -d
docker compose logs -f rabbitmq

docker exec rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins list -e

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: ChangeMe_StrongPassword

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DelayedMessageProducer {

    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /**
     * 发送延迟消息
     * @param payload     消息内容
     * @param delayMillis 延迟毫秒数
     */
    public void sendDelayed(String payload, long delayMillis) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(
                RabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE,
                RabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_ROUTING,
                payload,
                message -> {
                    // x-delay 单位是毫秒；注意 int 类型、最大约 24.8 天
                    message.getMessageProperties().setHeader("x-delay", (int) delayMillis);
                    return message;
                }
        );
    }
}

@Component
@Slf4j
public class DelayedMessageConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_QUEUE)
    public void onMessage(String payload) {
        log.info("收到延迟消息: {} @ {}", payload, Instant.now());
    }
}

producer.sendDelayed("5 秒后送达", 5_000);
producer.sendDelayed("1 分钟后送达", 60_000);