[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":298},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content:\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gpu-passthrough":3,"surround:\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gpu-passthrough":289},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"categories":264,"date":266,"description":267,"draft":268,"extension":269,"image":270,"meta":271,"navigation":273,"path":274,"permalink":270,"pinned":268,"published":270,"readingTime":275,"recommend":270,"references":270,"seo":280,"sitemap":281,"stem":282,"tags":283,"type":287,"updated":266,"__hash__":288},"content\u002Fposts\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gpu-passthrough.md","PVE Intel 核显独占直通教程",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":252},"minimark",[9,19,22,38,43,46,57,64,68,74,77,147,151,157,161,164,170,174,177,183,189,193,199,203,227,230,236,240,246],[10,11,15],"alert",{"type":12,"icon":13,"title":14},"info","tabler:robot","AI 迁移提示",[16,17,18],"p",{},"本文由 AI 协助从旧站迁移，尚未完成逐篇人工审校；内容如有疏漏，将在复核后修订。",[16,20,21],{},"PCIe 直通（Passthrough）将物理显卡独占分配给单个虚拟机，虚拟机获得接近裸机的 GPU 性能。与 GVT-g 共享模式不同，直通后宿主机无法使用该显卡。",[23,24,25],"blockquote",{},[16,26,27,28,33,34],{},"相关文章：",[29,30,32],"a",{"href":31},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpve9-install-guide","PVE 9.0 安装与初始配置指南"," · ",[29,35,37],{"href":36},"\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gvtg-passthrough","PVE Intel 核显 GVT-g 虚拟化教程（共享模式）",[39,40,42],"h2",{"id":41},"一查看-iommu-分组","一、查看 IOMMU 分组",[16,44,45],{},"在配置直通前，先确认设备的 IOMMU 分组情况：",[47,48,54],"pre",{"className":49,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"language-bash","for d in \u002Fsys\u002Fkernel\u002Fiommu_groups\u002F*\u002Fdevices\u002F*; do\n    n=${d#*\u002Fiommu_groups\u002F*}; n=${n%%\u002F*}\n    printf 'IOMMU Group %s ' \"$n\"\n    lspci -nns \"${d##*\u002F}\"\ndone\n","bash","",[55,56,51],"code",{"__ignoreMap":53},[16,58,59,60,63],{},"理想情况下，核显和声卡应在不同的 IOMMU 分组，否则需要添加 ",[55,61,62],{"code":62},"pcie_acs_override"," 参数强制拆分。",[39,65,67],{"id":66},"二启用-iommu","二、启用 IOMMU",[47,69,72],{"className":70,"code":71,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fdefault\u002Fgrub\n\n# Intel CPU\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt initcall_blacklist=sysfb_init pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction pci=nommconf\"\n\n# AMD CPU\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet iommu=pt initcall_blacklist=sysfb_init pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction pci=nommconf\"\n",[55,73,71],{"__ignoreMap":53},[16,75,76],{},"参数说明：",[78,79,80,93],"table",{},[81,82,83],"thead",{},[84,85,86,90],"tr",{},[87,88,89],"th",{},"参数",[87,91,92],{},"说明",[94,95,96,107,117,127,137],"tbody",{},[84,97,98,104],{},[99,100,101],"td",{},[55,102,103],{"code":103},"intel_iommu=on",[99,105,106],{},"启用 Intel VT-d",[84,108,109,114],{},[99,110,111],{},[55,112,113],{"code":113},"iommu=pt",[99,115,116],{},"Pass-through 模式，提升未直通设备性能",[84,118,119,124],{},[99,120,121],{},[55,122,123],{"code":123},"initcall_blacklist=sysfb_init",[99,125,126],{},"屏蔽帧缓冲初始化，防止干扰直通",[84,128,129,134],{},[99,130,131],{},[55,132,133],{"code":133},"pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction",[99,135,136],{},"强制拆分 IOMMU 分组",[84,138,139,144],{},[99,140,141],{},[55,142,143],{"code":143},"pci=nommconf",[99,145,146],{},"禁用 PCI 配置空间内存映射",[39,148,150],{"id":149},"三加载内核模块","三、加载内核模块",[47,152,155],{"className":153,"code":154,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fmodules\n# 添加：\nvfio\nvfio_iommu_type1\nvfio_pci\n# vfio_virqfd  # 内核 6.2 以下需要取消注释\n",[55,156,154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[39,158,160],{"id":159},"四屏蔽宿主机驱动可选","四、屏蔽宿主机驱动（可选）",[16,162,163],{},"防止宿主机占用显卡，确保虚拟机能独占：",[47,165,168],{"className":166,"code":167,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fmodprobe.d\u002Fpve-blacklist.conf\n# 添加：\nblacklist i915\nblacklist nouveau\nblacklist nvidia\nblacklist amdgpu\nblacklist radeon\nblacklist snd_hda_intel\nblacklist snd_hda_codec_hdmi\nblacklist snd_hda_codec\nblacklist snd_hda_core\n",[55,169,167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[39,171,173],{"id":172},"五绑定设备到-vfio","五、绑定设备到 VFIO",[16,175,176],{},"查看核显和声卡的 PCI ID：",[47,178,181],{"className":179,"code":180,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"lspci -D -nn | grep VGA\nlspci -D -nn | grep Audio\n# Intel 核显通常为 0000:00:02.0，声卡为 0000:00:1f.3\n",[55,182,180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[47,184,187],{"className":185,"code":186,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fmodprobe.d\u002Fvfio.conf\n# 填入提取到的 ID，例如：\noptions vfio-pci ids=8086:3e96,8086:a348\n",[55,188,186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[39,190,192],{"id":191},"六重载配置并重启","六、重载配置并重启",[47,194,197],{"className":195,"code":196,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"update-grub\nupdate-initramfs -u -k all\nproxmox-boot-tool refresh\nreboot\n\n# 验证 IOMMU 已启用\ndmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU -e AMD-Vi\n",[55,198,196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[39,200,202],{"id":201},"七虚拟机配置","七、虚拟机配置",[204,205,206,215,221],"ul",{},[207,208,209,210,214],"li",{},"机型：",[211,212,213],"strong",{},"i440fx","（不能选 q35）",[207,216,217,218],{},"固件：",[211,219,220],{},"OVMF UEFI",[207,222,223,224],{},"CPU 类型：",[211,225,226],{},"host",[16,228,229],{},"编辑虚拟机配置文件（以 ID 100 为例）：",[47,231,234],{"className":232,"code":233,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fpve\u002Fqemu-server\u002F100.conf\n\n# 添加以下内容（Intel 核显）\nargs: -set device.hostpci0.addr=02.0 -set device.hostpci0.x-igd-gms=1 -set device.hostpci0.x-igd-opregion=on\nhostpci0: 0000:00:02.0,legacy-igd=1,romfile=vbios_intel_uefi.rom\n# hostpci1: 0000:00:1f.3  # 可选：同时直通声卡\n",[55,235,233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[39,237,239],{"id":238},"八允许不安全中断部分平台需要","八、允许不安全中断（部分平台需要）",[47,241,244],{"className":242,"code":243,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fmodprobe.d\u002Fiommu_unsafe_interrupts.conf\n# 添加：\noptions vfio_iommu_type1 allow_unsafe_interrupts=1\n",[55,245,243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[10,247,249],{"type":248},"warning",[16,250,251],{},"此选项可能使系统不稳定，仅在直通无法正常工作时尝试。",{"title":53,"searchDepth":253,"depth":253,"links":254},4,[255,257,258,259,260,261,262,263],{"id":41,"depth":256,"text":42},2,{"id":66,"depth":256,"text":67},{"id":149,"depth":256,"text":150},{"id":159,"depth":256,"text":160},{"id":172,"depth":256,"text":173},{"id":191,"depth":256,"text":192},{"id":201,"depth":256,"text":202},{"id":238,"depth":256,"text":239},[265],"虚拟化","2026-02-16","在 Proxmox VE 上为虚拟机配置 Intel 核显 PCIe 独占直通，包含 IOMMU 启用、内核模块加载、VFIO 绑定及虚拟机配置的完整流程。",false,"md",null,{"slots":272},{},true,"\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gpu-passthrough",{"text":276,"minutes":277,"time":278,"words":279},"3 min read",2.71,162600,542,{"title":5,"description":267},{"loc":274},"posts\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gpu-passthrough",[284,285,265,286],"PVE","Homelab","核显","tech","wrsbZtyDBLHe_bqs6U9FERS_ZW6isZdeMseEgY6tX9Y",[290,294],{"title":291,"path":36,"stem":292,"date":293,"type":287,"children":-1},"PVE Intel 核显 GVT-g 虚拟化教程","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fpve-gvtg-passthrough","2026-02-15",{"title":295,"path":31,"stem":296,"date":297,"type":287,"children":-1},"Proxmox VE 9.0 安装与初始配置指南","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fpve9-install-guide","2026-02-17",1788712223859]