[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":979},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content:\u002Fposts\u002Fdebian-setup":3,"surround:\u002Fposts\u002Fdebian-setup":968},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"categories":943,"date":945,"description":946,"draft":947,"extension":948,"image":949,"meta":950,"navigation":952,"path":953,"permalink":954,"pinned":947,"published":954,"readingTime":955,"recommend":954,"references":954,"seo":960,"sitemap":961,"stem":962,"tags":963,"type":965,"updated":966,"__hash__":967},"content\u002Fposts\u002Fposts\u002Fdebian-setup.md","Debian 13 稳定版安装指南及系统配置",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":915},"minimark",[9,19,22,27,38,41,49,53,58,66,73,77,84,90,94,97,103,107,110,116,120,123,137],[10,11,15],"alert",{"title":12,"type":13,"icon":14},"AI 迁移提示","info","tabler:robot",[16,17,18],"p",{},"本文由 AI 协助从旧站迁移，尚未完成逐篇人工审校；内容如有疏漏，将在复核后修订。",[10,20],{"title":21,"type":13},"> 本文部分内容由 AI 辅助整理，已结合实际操作进行校验，请根据自身环境谨慎使用。",[23,24,26],"h2",{"id":25},"一下载镜像","一、下载镜像",[16,28,29,30,37],{},"国内用户推荐在「清华大学开源软件镜像站」的 ",[31,32,36],"a",{"href":33,"rel":34},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian-cd\u002Fcurrent\u002F",[35],"nofollow","debian-cd 专属页面","，找到与你「设备架构」相匹配的 Debian 13 ISO 镜像，然后自行下载。",[10,39],{"title":40,"type":13},"> 建议根据你的设备架构，选择`iso-dvd`完整安装镜像。",[16,42,43,44],{},"amd 架构链接：",[31,45,48],{"href":46,"rel":47},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian-cd\u002Fcurrent\u002Famd64\u002Fiso-dvd\u002F",[35],"AMD - ISO DVD",[23,50,52],{"id":51},"二开始安装","二、开始安装",[54,55,57],"h3",{"id":56},"_1-选择安装类型","1. 选择安装类型",[16,59,60,61,65],{},"在 Debian 安装程序菜单中，选择 「",[62,63,64],"strong",{},"Graphical Install","」，以图形化界面启动 Debian 13 安装向导。",[16,67,68],{},[69,70],"img",{"alt":71,"src":72},"选择安装类型","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-710246.webp",[54,74,76],{"id":75},"_2-选择语言","2. 选择语言",[16,78,79,80,83],{},"选择「安装向导」和系统中要使用的语言，然后点击「Continue」继续。国内的小伙伴选择「",[62,81,82],{},"中文（简体）","」即可。",[16,85,86],{},[69,87],{"alt":88,"src":89},"选择语言","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-201960.webp",[54,91,93],{"id":92},"_3-选择你的位置","3. 选择你的位置",[16,95,96],{},"选择你所在的地理位置，系统会以此自动为 Debian 13 设置时区。",[16,98,99],{},[69,100],{"alt":101,"src":102},"选择位置","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-763428.webp",[54,104,106],{"id":105},"_4-配置键盘","4. 配置键盘",[16,108,109],{},"在列表中选择与你「实体键盘」相匹配的键盘布局，然后点击「继续」。",[16,111,112],{},[69,113],{"alt":114,"src":115},"配置键盘","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-596146.webp",[54,117,119],{"id":118},"_5-网络配置","5. 网络配置",[16,121,122],{},"在安装过程中，Debian 安装程序会尝试通过 DHCP 服务器，自动获取 IP 地址来配置网络：",[124,125,126,134],"ul",{},[127,128,129,130,133],"li",{},"如果获取成功，就会直接跳到「主机名」设置（这在安装「桌面版」时比较适用）。如果是安装 Debian 服务器，",[62,131,132],{},"可以在「主机名」设置界面点击「返回」，手动指定固定 IP","。",[127,135,136],{},"如果网络中没有可用的 DHCP 服务器，自动配置将会失败，也需要你手动指定 IP 地址。",[10,138,141,147,151,157,162,168,179,182,188,194,200,206,212,222,228,234,240,244,251,257,262,317,321,324,329,335,340,346,354,360,364,367,413,416,419,425,428,446,452,458,464,467,473,476,482,485,490,493,499,503,509,513,516,521,524,529,536,544,547,553,556,561,570,575,579,582,590,593,613,618,621,626,630,633,638,645,650,653,658,662,666,672,677,684,692,695,715,720,726,730,733,740,743,749,753,766,769,775,779,782,788,792,798,802,808,813,819,905,909],{"title":139,"type":140},"> 如果你的网络中有 DHCP 服务器，系统自动配置了，可以点击返回按钮，选择返回，然后按照下面教程继续即可","warning",[16,142,143],{},[69,144],{"alt":145,"src":146},"返回配置IP","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-748551.webp",[148,149,150],"h4",{"id":150},"手动配置网络",[152,153,154],"ol",{},[127,155,156],{},"选择「手动配置网络」，然后点击「继续」。",[16,158,159],{},[69,160],{"alt":150,"src":161},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-264800.webp",[152,163,165],{"start":164},2,[127,166,167],{},"输入一个固定 IP 地址，然后点击「继续」。",[16,169,170,174,175],{},[171,172,173],"span",{},"!NOTE","\n可以在这里输入 IP 地址\u002F子网掩码，例如 ",[176,177,178],"code",{"code":178},"192.168.1.2\u002F24",[16,180,181],{},"或者只输入 IP 地址，在后面配置子网掩码",[16,183,184],{},[69,185],{"alt":186,"src":187},"配置子网掩码","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-862048.webp",[152,189,191],{"start":190},3,[127,192,193],{},"输入网关 IP 地址，然后点击「继续」。通常会自动配置。",[16,195,196],{},[69,197],{"alt":198,"src":199},"配置网关","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-333368.webp",[152,201,203],{"start":202},4,[127,204,205],{},"输入 DNS 服务器，然后点击「继续」。如何要配置多个 DNS 服务器，可以用「空格」隔开。",[16,207,208],{},[69,209],{"alt":210,"src":211},"配置DNS","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-670686.webp",[152,213,215],{"start":214},5,[127,216,217,218,221],{},"为你的 Debian 13 系统设置一个 ",[176,219,220],{"code":220},"hostname"," 主机名，然后点击「继续」。",[16,223,224],{},[69,225],{"alt":226,"src":227},"配置主机名","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-920560.webp",[152,229,231],{"start":230},6,[127,232,233],{},"如果你有与网络关联的特定「域名」，可以在这里输入。一般情况下，我们会选择「留空」。",[16,235,236],{},[69,237],{"alt":238,"src":239},"","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-704376.webp",[54,241,243],{"id":242},"_6-设置-root-密码","6. 设置 Root 密码",[16,245,246,247,250],{},"为",[176,248,249],{"code":249},"root","帐户设置一个强密码。",[16,252,253],{},[69,254],{"alt":255,"src":256},"设置Root密码","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-587634.webp",[16,258,259,261],{},[171,260,173],{}," 强密码的标准",[263,264,265,278],"table",{},[266,267,268],"thead",{},[269,270,271,275],"tr",{},[272,273,274],"th",{},"要求",[272,276,277],{},"说明",[279,280,281,290,309],"tbody",{},[269,282,283,287],{},[284,285,286],"td",{},"长度",[284,288,289],{},"至少 8 位字符",[269,291,292,295],{},[284,293,294],{},"复杂性",[284,296,297,298,301,302,301,305,308],{},"包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符（如",[176,299,300],{"code":300},"@","、",[176,303,304],{"code":304},"#",[176,306,307],{"code":307},"$","等）。",[269,310,311,314],{},[284,312,313],{},"安全性",[284,315,316],{},"避免重复使用或容易被猜到的密码",[54,318,320],{"id":319},"_7-创建新用户和密码","7. 创建新用户和密码",[16,322,323],{},"强烈建议你创建一个普通用户账户，作为日常操作使用。只在需要权限时再临时提权。",[152,325,326],{},[127,327,328],{},"输入新用户的全名，然后点击「继续」。可以和下一步的「用户名」不同。",[16,330,331],{},[69,332],{"alt":333,"src":334},"输入全名","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-669571.webp",[152,336,337],{"start":164},[127,338,339],{},"为这个用户设置一个用户名，只能用小写字母和数字，而且必须以字母开头。",[16,341,342],{},[69,343],{"alt":344,"src":345},"设置用户名","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-875373.webp",[152,347,348],{"start":190},[127,349,350,351,353],{},"为新用户设置一个强密码，最好是和 ",[176,352,249],{"code":249}," 密码不同。",[16,355,356],{},[69,357],{"alt":358,"src":359},"设置新用户密码","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-416543.webp",[54,361,363],{"id":362},"_8-对磁盘进行分区","8. 对磁盘进行分区",[16,365,366],{},"在这一步，我们要规划磁盘分区，主要有以下 4 个选项：",[263,368,369,379],{},[266,370,371],{},[269,372,373,376],{},[272,374,375],{},"分区选项",[272,377,378],{},"描述",[279,380,381,389,397,405],{},[269,382,383,386],{},[284,384,385],{},"向导 – 使用整个磁盘",[284,387,388],{},"自动对整个磁盘进行分区，适合新手和 Homelab 虚拟机使用。",[269,390,391,394],{},[284,392,393],{},"向导 – 使用整个磁盘并配置 LVM",[284,395,396],{},"自动设置 LVM 分区。",[269,398,399,402],{},[284,400,401],{},"向导 – 使用整个磁盘并配置加密的 LVM",[284,403,404],{},"自动设置加密的 LVM 分区。",[269,406,407,410],{},[284,408,409],{},"手动",[284,411,412],{},"自定义分区，自由度最高，适合有经验的用户。",[16,414,415],{},"通常我们选择 1 或者 2 即可",[16,417,418],{},"我这里推荐使用 LVM 进行分区",[16,420,421],{},[69,422],{"alt":423,"src":424},"LVM分区","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-557392.webp",[16,426,427],{},"选择你要分区的硬盘",[16,429,430,434,435,301,438,441,442,445],{},[69,431],{"alt":432,"src":433},"选择硬盘","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-327772.webp","\n如果没有特殊需求，推荐选择「将所有文件放在同一个分区中」，你也可以将",[176,436,437],{"code":437},"\u002Fhome",[176,439,440],{"code":440},"\u002Fvar","和",[176,443,444],{"code":444},"\u002Ftmp","等目录单独分区。",[16,447,448],{},[69,449],{"alt":450,"src":451},"分区","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-755278.webp",[16,453,454,457],{},[171,455,456],{},"!TIP","\n这里如果硬盘不是空的，会提示下面内容，我们直接选择是即可。",[16,459,460],{},[69,461],{"alt":462,"src":463},"移除现有数据","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-709516.webp",[16,465,466],{},"选择「是」确认将修改写入磁盘并配置 LVM",[16,468,469],{},[69,470],{"alt":471,"src":472},"写入并配置LVM","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-802899.webp",[16,474,475],{},"这里默认保持最大空间即可",[16,477,478],{},[69,479],{"alt":480,"src":481},"硬盘分区空间","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-555712.webp",[16,483,484],{},"完成分区操作并将修改写入磁盘",[16,486,487],{},[69,488],{"alt":238,"src":489},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-940129.webp",[16,491,492],{},"选择「是」确认将改动写入磁盘，然后点击「继续」。",[16,494,495],{},[69,496],{"alt":497,"src":498},"写入磁盘","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-602194.webp",[54,500,502],{"id":501},"_9-开始安装基本系统","9. 开始安装基本系统",[16,504,505],{},[69,506],{"alt":507,"src":508},"开始安装","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-365668.webp",[54,510,512],{"id":511},"配置软件包管理器更新源","配置软件包管理器：更新源",[16,514,515],{},"安装向导会询问你是否扫描额外的安装介质，选择「否」继续。",[16,517,518],{},[69,519],{"alt":238,"src":520},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-527438.webp",[16,522,523],{},"选择「是」，启用网络镜像。（配置一个快速的国内源，对国内的小伙伴非常重要。）",[16,525,526],{},[69,527],{"alt":238,"src":528},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-285339.webp",[16,530,531,532,535],{},"国家选择「中国」，Debian 仓库镜像站点推荐选择 ",[176,533,534],{"code":534},"tsinghua"," 清华源。",[16,537,538,541],{},[69,539],{"alt":238,"src":540},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-195050.webp",[69,542],{"alt":238,"src":543},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-876653.webp",[16,545,546],{},"如果你是直连网络，HTTP 代理信息就「留空」；如果有代理，就填写代理地址和端口号。",[16,548,549],{},[69,550],{"alt":551,"src":552},"配置代理","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-373349.webp",[16,554,555],{},"启用「软件包流行度调查」后，Debian 会定期收集你的软件使用数据。如果你不想参与，就选择「否」。",[16,557,558,560],{},[171,559,456],{},"\n你也可以随时在「终端」中，执行以下命令来调整设置：",[562,563,568],"pre",{"className":564,"code":566,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"language-bash","dpkg-reconfigure popularity-contest\n","bash",[176,569,566],{"__ignoreMap":238},[16,571,572],{},[69,573],{"alt":238,"src":574},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-369588.webp",[54,576,578],{"id":577},"_10-软件选择桌面版还是服务器","10. 软件选择：桌面版还是服务器",[16,580,581],{},"Debian 是一款通用型 Linux 发行版，它不像 Ubuntu 那样，还单独区分桌面和服务器版本的 ISO 镜像。但你可以在「软件选择」时，来决定安装哪种类型：",[124,583,584,587],{},[127,585,586],{},"勾选「Debian 桌面环境」，并至少选择一款桌面，就会安装桌面版。",[127,588,589],{},"如果不选「Debian 桌面环境」，那就是服务器版。",[16,591,592],{},"选择要安装的软件，推荐勾选上：",[124,594,595,601,607],{},[127,596,597,600],{},[62,598,599],{},"SSH server","：安装 SSH 服务器，方便远程管理。Homelab 环境可以启用 root 登录。",[127,602,603,606],{},[62,604,605],{},"标准系统工具","：包括一些常用的基础工具包、命令行工具、网络工具和系统管理工具等。",[127,608,609,612],{},[62,610,611],{},"Blends","：适用于教育、科研等特定场景的软件合集。",[16,614,615],{},[69,616],{"alt":238,"src":617},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-968123.webp",[16,619,620],{},"选择完毕后，点击「继续」，开始安装这些软件。",[16,622,623],{},[69,624],{"alt":238,"src":625},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-278013.webp",[54,627,629],{"id":628},"_11-安装-grub-启动引导器","11. 安装 GRUB 启动引导器",[16,631,632],{},"选择「是」继续安装 GRUB 启动引导器。",[16,634,635],{},[69,636],{"alt":238,"src":637},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-135285.webp",[16,639,640,641,644],{},"选择要安装 GRUB 的磁盘，比如",[176,642,643],{"code":643},"\u002Fdev\u002Fsda","，然后点击「继续」。",[16,646,647],{},[69,648],{"alt":238,"src":649},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-556969.webp",[16,651,652],{},"最后,点击「继续」重启系统，完成 Debian 13 安装流程。",[16,654,655],{},[69,656],{"alt":238,"src":657},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002Fdebian-install-910918.png",[23,659,661],{"id":660},"三配置系统","三、配置系统",[54,663,665],{"id":664},"_1-root-账户允许远程登录","1. Root 账户允许远程登录",[562,667,670],{"className":668,"code":669,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"# 查看是否安装了SSH服务\nps -ef |grep ssh \n\n# 没有安装的话，执行下面语句\nsudo apt-get update                   #先更新下资源列表\nsudo apt-get install openssh-server   #安装openssh-server\nsudo ps -ef | grep ssh                #查看是否安装成功\nsudo systemctl restart sshd           #重新启动SSH服务 \n\n# 进入ssh配置文件\nvi  \u002Fetc\u002Fssh\u002Fsshd_config\n",[176,671,669],{"__ignoreMap":238},[16,673,674],{},[62,675,676],{},"修改Root远程登录权限",[562,678,682],{"className":679,"code":680,"language":567,"meta":681},[565],"#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password\nPermitRootLogin yes # [!code ++]\n","title=\"\u002Fetc\u002Fssh\u002Fsshd_config\"",[176,683,680],{"__ignoreMap":238},[16,685,686,688,691],{},[171,687,456],{},[176,689,690],{"code":690},"PermitRootLogin"," 是一个用于配置 SSH 服务器的选项。这个选项决定了是否允许 root 用户通过 SSH 直接登录到服务器。通常情况下，为了提高安全性，最好禁止 root 用户通过 SSH 直接登录，而是使用一个普通用户登录后再通过 su 或者 sudo 切换到 root 用户来执行需要特权的操作。这样可以降低系统受到攻击的风险。",[16,693,694],{},"常见的 PermitRootLogin 选项取值包括：",[124,696,697,703,709],{},[127,698,699,702],{},[176,700,701],{"code":701},"yes","：允许 root 用户通过 SSH 直接登录。",[127,704,705,708],{},[176,706,707],{"code":707},"no","：禁止 root 用户通过 SSH 直接登录。",[127,710,711,714],{},[176,712,713],{"code":713},"without-password","：允许 root 用户通过 SSH 密钥登录，但不允许使用密码登录。",[16,716,717],{},[62,718,719],{},"重启服务",[562,721,724],{"className":722,"code":723,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"# 重启ssh服务\nsudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl restart ssh\n",[176,725,723],{"__ignoreMap":238},[54,727,729],{"id":728},"_2-换国内源","2. 换国内源",[16,731,732],{},"因为我们已经在安装的时候选择清华大学源了，所以这里只需要将 CD-ROM 部分注释或者删除就可以了",[562,734,738],{"className":735,"code":736,"language":567,"meta":737},[565],"# 删除或者注释掉这一行\n#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU\u002FLinux 13.3.0 _Trixie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20260110-11:00]\u002F trixie contrib main non-free-firmware\n\ndeb http:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian\u002F trixie main non-free-firmware\ndeb-src http:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian\u002F trixie main non-free-firmware\n\ndeb http:\u002F\u002Fsecurity.debian.org\u002Fdebian-security trixie-security main non-free-firmware\ndeb-src http:\u002F\u002Fsecurity.debian.org\u002Fdebian-security trixie-security main non-free-firmware\n\n# trixie-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;\n# see https:\u002F\u002Fwww.debian.org\u002Fdoc\u002Fmanuals\u002Fdebian-reference\u002Fch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports\ndeb http:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian\u002F trixie-updates main non-free-firmware\ndeb-src http:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fdebian\u002F trixie-updates main non-free-firmware\n\n","title=\"\u002Fetc\u002Fapt\u002Fsources.list\"",[176,739,736],{"__ignoreMap":238},[16,741,742],{},"更新系统及其软件包",[562,744,747],{"className":745,"code":746,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"apt update\napt upgrade\n",[176,748,746],{"__ignoreMap":238},[54,750,752],{"id":751},"_3-修复sudo权限","3. 修复sudo权限",[16,754,755,756,758,759,762,763,765],{},"Debian 和 Ubuntu 不同，如果在安装时设置了 ",[176,757,249],{"code":249}," 密码，系统默认不会把普通用户加入 ",[176,760,761],{"code":761},"sudo"," 组，甚至连 ",[176,764,761],{"code":761}," 命令都没装。",[16,767,768],{},"以下是修复步骤：",[562,770,773],{"className":771,"code":772,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"# 切换到 root 用户\nsu -\n\n# 安装 sudo 软件包\napt update && apt install sudo -y\n\n# 将普通用户加入 sudo 组\n# 语法：usermod -aG sudo \u003C你的用户名>\nusermod -aG sudo olinl\n\n# 使权限生效\n## exit 退出或者索性 reboot重启\n\n",[176,774,772],{"__ignoreMap":238},[54,776,778],{"id":777},"_4-开启-bbr-网络加速","4. 开启 BBR 网络加速",[16,780,781],{},"既然是“最佳实践”配置，Debian 13 自带的高版本内核开启 BBR 只需要一行命令，能显著提升网络吞吐量，建议顺手做了：",[562,783,786],{"className":784,"code":785,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"# 开启 BBR\necho \"net.core.default_qdisc=fq\" >> \u002Fetc\u002Fsysctl.conf\necho \"net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr\" >> \u002Fetc\u002Fsysctl.conf\n\n# 应用配置\nsysctl -p\n\n",[176,787,785],{"__ignoreMap":238},[54,789,791],{"id":790},"_5-让debian命令行显示中文","5. 让Debian命令行显示中文",[562,793,796],{"className":794,"code":795,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"# 方法A：直接编辑 \u002Fetc\u002Fprofile（在文件末尾添加）\nsudo tee -a \u002Fetc\u002Fprofile \u003C\u003C 'EOF'\n# 系统级语言设置\nexport LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8\nexport LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8\nexport PATH=$PATH:\u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\nEOF\n",[176,797,795],{"__ignoreMap":238},[23,799,801],{"id":800},"四安装必要软件","四、安装必要软件",[562,803,806],{"className":804,"code":805,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"apt install wget curl vim zip unzip lsb-release tree htop net-tools lsof chrony tar lvm2 parted sudo -y\n",[176,807,805],{"__ignoreMap":238},[16,809,810],{},[62,811,812],{},"安装 Intel 显卡工具包",[562,814,817],{"className":815,"code":816,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"apt install vainfo intel-gpu-tools -y\n",[176,818,816],{"__ignoreMap":238},[124,820,821,827,833,839,845,851,857,863,869,875,881,887,893,899],{},[127,822,823,826],{},[62,824,825],{},"wget","：用于从命令行下载文件，适合脚本和大文件拉取",[127,828,829,832],{},[62,830,831],{},"curl","：用于发起 HTTP\u002FAPI 请求，常用于接口测试和自动化",[127,834,835,838],{},[62,836,837],{},"vim","：终端下的文本编辑器，用于修改配置和编写脚本",[127,840,841,844],{},[62,842,843],{},"zip","：将文件打包成 zip 格式，方便跨平台传输",[127,846,847,850],{},[62,848,849],{},"unzip","：解压 zip 压缩包",[127,852,853,856],{},[62,854,855],{},"lsb-release","：用于识别当前 Linux 发行版和版本信息",[127,858,859,862],{},[62,860,861],{},"tree","：以树状结构显示目录内容",[127,864,865,868],{},[62,866,867],{},"htop","：交互式进程监控工具，用于查看 CPU 和内存使用情况",[127,870,871,874],{},[62,872,873],{},"net-tools","：提供 netstat、ifconfig 等传统网络排错工具",[127,876,877,880],{},[62,878,879],{},"lsof","：查看端口或文件被哪个进程占用",[127,882,883,886],{},[62,884,885],{},"chrony","：高精度时间同步服务，保证系统时间准确",[127,888,889,892],{},[62,890,891],{},"tar","：Linux 常用的打包和解包工具",[127,894,895,898],{},[62,896,897],{},"lvm2",": 磁盘管理工具",[127,900,901,904],{},[62,902,903],{},"parted",":磁盘管理工具",[23,906,908],{"id":907},"五作为虚拟机安装-sr-iov-guest-核显驱动-pve","五、作为虚拟机安装 SR-IOV-guest 核显驱动 「PVE」",[562,910,913],{"className":911,"code":912,"language":567,"meta":238},[565],"\nnano \u002Fetc\u002Fdefault\u002Fgrub\n\n# 在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT后面加上 i915.enable_guc=3\n#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet\"\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet i915.enable_guc=3\"\n\n# 更新grub\nupdate-grub\n\n# 安装相关环境和依赖包\napt install -y dkms vainfo intel-media-va-driver wget firmware-linux linux-headers-$(uname -r)\n\n# 下载sriov驱动\n# https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fstrongtz\u002Fi915-sriov-dkms\nwget https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fstrongtz\u002Fi915-sriov-dkms\u002Freleases\u002Fdownload\u002F2025.12.10\u002Fi915-sriov-dkms_2025.12.10_amd64.deb\n\n# 安装sriov驱动\nsudo dpkg -i i915-sriov-dkms_*_amd64.deb\n\n# 重启\nreboot\n\n",[176,914,912],{"__ignoreMap":238},{"title":238,"searchDepth":202,"depth":202,"links":916},[917,918,934,941,942],{"id":25,"depth":164,"text":26},{"id":51,"depth":164,"text":52,"children":919},[920,921,922,923,924,927,928,929,930,931,932,933],{"id":56,"depth":190,"text":57},{"id":75,"depth":190,"text":76},{"id":92,"depth":190,"text":93},{"id":105,"depth":190,"text":106},{"id":118,"depth":190,"text":119,"children":925},[926],{"id":150,"depth":202,"text":150},{"id":242,"depth":190,"text":243},{"id":319,"depth":190,"text":320},{"id":362,"depth":190,"text":363},{"id":501,"depth":190,"text":502},{"id":511,"depth":190,"text":512},{"id":577,"depth":190,"text":578},{"id":628,"depth":190,"text":629},{"id":660,"depth":164,"text":661,"children":935},[936,937,938,939,940],{"id":664,"depth":190,"text":665},{"id":728,"depth":190,"text":729},{"id":751,"depth":190,"text":752},{"id":777,"depth":190,"text":778},{"id":790,"depth":190,"text":791},{"id":800,"depth":164,"text":801},{"id":907,"depth":164,"text":908},[944],"Linux","2026-02-02 22:50:02","深入讲解 Debian 13 最小化安装与常用服务配置。涵盖 APT 优化与权限管理，助你掌握这款“通用操作系统”的极致稳定方案。",false,"md","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.olinl.com\u002Ffile\u002Fpost-img\u002Fdebian-setup\u002FbfCm7lLc.webp",{"slots":951},{},true,"\u002Fposts\u002Fdebian-setup",null,{"text":956,"minutes":957,"time":958,"words":959},"13 min read",12.295,737700,2459,{"title":5,"description":946},{"loc":953},"posts\u002Fposts\u002Fdebian-setup",[964],"系统安装","tech","2026-07-26 09:45:52","59DZ_7RQYBQoKAYyLfS4L7CcPwE3bLap5e4wLFxcbpA",[969,974],{"title":970,"path":971,"stem":972,"date":973,"type":965,"children":-1},"Docker 部署 Memos 笔记服务","\u002Fposts\u002Fdocker-memos","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fdocker-memos","2026-02-02",{"title":975,"path":976,"stem":977,"date":978,"type":965,"children":-1},"修改 Kubelet 默认工作目录","\u002Fposts\u002Fkubelet-change-dir","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fkubelet-change-dir","2026-02-05",1788712224466]