[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":219},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content:\u002Fposts\u002Fcentos-mysql-57":3,"surround:\u002Fposts\u002Fcentos-mysql-57":208},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"categories":183,"date":185,"description":186,"draft":187,"extension":188,"image":189,"meta":190,"navigation":192,"path":193,"permalink":189,"pinned":187,"published":189,"readingTime":194,"recommend":189,"references":189,"seo":199,"sitemap":200,"stem":201,"tags":202,"type":206,"updated":185,"__hash__":207},"content\u002Fposts\u002Fposts\u002Fcentos-mysql-57.md","CentOS 安装 MySQL 5.7 完整指南",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":171},"minimark",[9,19,22,27,36,39,46,57,60,66,70,76,80,85,91,95,101,112,120,123,129,133,136,142,150,155,161],[10,11,15],"alert",{"type":12,"icon":13,"title":14},"info","tabler:robot","AI 迁移提示",[16,17,18],"p",{},"本文由 AI 协助从旧站迁移，尚未完成逐篇人工审校；内容如有疏漏，将在复核后修订。",[16,20,21],{},"采用官网 RPM 包安装，版本为 MySQL 5.7 最后一个稳定版。",[23,24,26],"h2",{"id":25},"一下载解压","一、下载解压",[16,28,29,30],{},"打开 MySQL 社区版下载网站：",[31,32,33],"a",{"href":33,"rel":34},"https:\u002F\u002Fdownloads.mysql.com\u002Farchives\u002Fcommunity",[35],"nofollow",[16,37,38],{},"CentOS 是基于红帽的，Select OS Version 选择 Linux 7，如下图",[16,40,41],{},[42,43],"img",{"alt":44,"src":45},"下载MySQL镜像",".\u002Fimages\u002Fcentos-all-010317.webp",[47,48,54],"pre",{"className":49,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"language-bash","# 官网 mysql 5.7 下载地址\nhttps:\u002F\u002Fdownloads.mysql.com\u002Farchives\u002Fget\u002Fp\u002F23\u002Ffile\u002Fmysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar\n","bash","",[55,56,51],"code",{"__ignoreMap":53},[16,58,59],{},"下载并解压",[47,61,64],{"className":62,"code":63,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"# 下载精简包\nwget https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.olinl.com\u002Fcentos\u002Fmysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle-lite.tar\n# 官网全量包\n# wget https:\u002F\u002Fdownloads.mysql.com\u002Farchives\u002Fget\u002Fp\u002F23\u002Ffile\u002Fmysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar\n\n# 解压压缩包\ntar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle-lite.tar\n",[55,65,63],{"__ignoreMap":53},[23,67,69],{"id":68},"二安装","二、安装",[47,71,74],{"className":72,"code":73,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"# 按顺序依次安装（顺序不可乱）\nrpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7*.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force\nrpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7*.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force\nrpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7*.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force\nrpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7*.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force\n\n# 查看已安装的 MySQL\nrpm -qa | grep mysql\n",[55,75,73],{"__ignoreMap":53},[23,77,79],{"id":78},"三初始化与启动","三、初始化与启动",[81,82,84],"h3",{"id":83},"_1-默认目录初始化","1. 默认目录初始化",[47,86,89],{"className":87,"code":88,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"# 初始化 MySQL\nmysqld --initialize\n# 给数据目录权限\nchown mysql:mysql \u002Fvar\u002Flib\u002Fmysql -R\n# 启动服务\nsystemctl start mysqld.service\n# 设置开机自启\nsystemctl enable mysqld\n\n# 查看初始密码\ncat \u002Fvar\u002Flog\u002Fmysqld.log | grep password\n\n# 登录并修改密码\nmysql -uroot -p\n## 输入上面获取的初始密码，然后执行：\nALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_password';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n",[55,90,88],{"__ignoreMap":53},[81,92,94],{"id":93},"_2-自定义数据目录","2. 自定义数据目录",[10,96,98],{"type":97},"warning",[16,99,100],{},"设置自定义目录前，务必禁用 SELinux，否则 MySQL 无法访问自定义路径。",[16,102,103,104,107,108,111],{},"以 ",[55,105,106],{"code":106},"\u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fdata"," 为例，先修改 ",[55,109,110],{"code":110},"\u002Fetc\u002Fmy.cnf","：",[47,113,118],{"className":114,"code":116,"filename":110,"language":117,"meta":53},[115],"language-ini","[mysqld]\ndatadir=\u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fdata\nlog-error=\u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fmysqld.log\nsocket=\u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fmysql.sock\n","ini",[55,119,116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[16,121,122],{},"然后执行初始化：",[47,124,127],{"className":125,"code":126,"language":52,"meta":53},[50],"# 创建数据目录\nmkdir -p \u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fdata\n\n# 赋权\nchown mysql:mysql \u002Fopt\u002Fmysql -R\n\n# 使用 mysql 用户初始化\nsudo -u mysql mysqld --initialize --datadir=\u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fdata\n\n# 启动服务\nsystemctl start mysqld.service\nsystemctl enable mysqld\n\n# 查看初始密码\ncat \u002Fopt\u002Fmysql\u002Fmysqld.log | grep password\n\n# 登录并修改密码\nmysql -uroot -p\nALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_password';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n",[55,128,126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[23,130,132],{"id":131},"四配置外部访问","四、配置外部访问",[16,134,135],{},"MySQL 安装后 root 用户默认只允许 localhost 登录，生产环境建议新建专用用户，而非直接开放 root。",[16,137,138],{},[139,140,141],"strong",{},"推荐：新建允许外部访问的用户",[47,143,148],{"className":144,"code":146,"language":147,"meta":53},[145],"language-sql","-- 登录 MySQL\nmysql -uroot -p\n\n-- 创建允许外部访问的用户\nCREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n","sql",[55,149,146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[16,151,152],{},[139,153,154],{},"不推荐：直接修改 root 用户 host",[47,156,159],{"className":157,"code":158,"language":147,"meta":53},[145],"mysql -uroot -p\n\nUPDATE mysql.user SET host = '%' WHERE user = 'root';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n",[55,160,158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[10,162,164],{"type":163},"tip",[16,165,166,167],{},"安装完成后，建议使用 XtraBackup 定期备份数据库：",[31,168,170],{"href":169},"\u002Fposts\u002Fxtrabackup-backup","XtraBackup 备份与恢复",{"title":53,"searchDepth":172,"depth":172,"links":173},4,[174,176,177,182],{"id":25,"depth":175,"text":26},2,{"id":68,"depth":175,"text":69},{"id":78,"depth":175,"text":79,"children":178},[179,181],{"id":83,"depth":180,"text":84},3,{"id":93,"depth":180,"text":94},{"id":131,"depth":175,"text":132},[184],"服务","2026-01-11","详解在 CentOS 7 上通过 RPM 包安装 MySQL 5.7 的完整流程，涵盖自定义数据目录、外部访问配置及用户权限管理。",false,"md",null,{"slots":191},{},true,"\u002Fposts\u002Fcentos-mysql-57",{"text":195,"minutes":196,"time":197,"words":198},"3 min read",2.67,160200,534,{"title":5,"description":186},{"loc":193},"posts\u002Fposts\u002Fcentos-mysql-57",[203,204,205],"MySQL","CentOS","数据库","tech","9UxltHs8EC0rvS94czwIXQfMB6aehbdsAyJf0tppahE",[209,214],{"title":210,"path":211,"stem":212,"date":213,"type":206,"children":-1},"Nginx 安装与配置指南","\u002Fposts\u002Fnginx-guide","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fnginx-guide","2026-01-09",{"title":215,"path":216,"stem":217,"date":218,"type":206,"children":-1},"Ubuntu 安装 MySQL 8.1 完整指南","\u002Fposts\u002Fubuntu-mysql-81","posts\u002Fposts\u002Fubuntu-mysql-81","2026-01-12",1788712225499]